Ok Chrome is built on top of the WebKit open source engine that was first built by Apple for Safari. The first round of tests are run as part of that project, and they are documented at http://www.webkit.org/quality/testing.html
The WebKit Tests Before patches can
land in any of the frameworks in the
repository, the layout regression
tests must pass. To run these tests,
execute the run-webkit-tests script.
The script will dump the render trees
for all of the pages and diff the
results against the expected correct
results. If no differences are found,
then the patch has passed the tests.
If any tests fail, then the patch
cannot be committed until the
discrepancies in the tests are
resolved.
Regression tests must be run on
Leopard, since the expected results
checked in were generated on Leopard.
The JavaScriptCore Tests If you are
making changes to JavaScriptCore,
there is an additional test suite you
must run before landing changes. This
is the Mozilla JavaScript test suite.
What's covered by the JavaScript
tests?
The JavaScript tests cover the
functionality of the core JavaScript
engine. This includes the following
JavaScript objects: Arrays, Booleans, Dates, Functions, Global
Object, Math, Numbers, Objects, Regular
Expressions and Strings.
In addition, the JavaScript tests
cover parsing, lexical conventions,
expressions, statements, type
conversion, and exception handling.
How to run the tests Execute the
run-javascriptcore-tests script. The
script will run all the tests and
summarize how the results differ from
what is currently expected.
What just happened After all the test
runs have finished the results of
tests are saved to actual.html. The
script the compares these results from
your local tree against what is
expected to pass/fail from the tip of
tree. If there are any regressions
caused by your changes you'll be made
aware of them. If you fixed a bug that
caused an existing failure, you'll
also be made aware of what specific
test your fix affected.
Google then takes webkit, and builds it into Chrome, and runs a whole suite more tests which are documented here: http://dev.chromium.org/developers/testing
Here is an non-exhaustive
probably-outdated list of some of the
tests currently used by Chromium:
automated_ui_tests - Uses automation
like ui_tests, but runs on separate
reliability bots.
base_unittests - Tests the base module.
browser_tests - Tests the browser UI, but in the same
process rather than from a separate
process like the ui_tests.
installer_unittests - Tests the
Chromium installer.
interactive_ui_tests - Uses automation
like ui_tests, but tests interactive
features like find-in-page and tab
dragging that need simulated user
events. These run on separate bots
where there is always a logged-in user
so the interactive events don't fail.
ipc_tests - Tests the IPC subsystem
for communication between browser,
renderer, and plugin processes.
layout_tests - Part of WebKit. We run
these tests using test_shell (see
below). mini_installer_test - Tests
the mini installer.
net_perftests - Performance tests for the disk cache
and cookie storage.
net_unittests -
Tests the network module.
npapi_layout_test_plugin - A NPAPI
plugin used with the layout tests.
npapi_test_plugin - A NPAPI plugin
used with the plugin_tests and
ui_tests.
perf_tests - Tests
performance for some submodules -
JSON, Safe Browsing, URL parsing, etc.
plugin_tests - Tests the plugin
subsystem.
reliability_tests - Tests
to verify Chromium recovery after
hanging or crashing of renderers.
security_tests - A set of security
tests for Chromium.
selenium_tests - A
driver for running selenium tests.
startup_tests - Test startup
performance of Chromium.
tab_switching_test - Test tab
switching functionality.
test_chrome_plugin test_shell - Test
Shell is a standalone application for
running the renderer (WebKit).
test_shell_tests - A collection of
tests within the Test Shell.
ui_tests - Tests which launch Chromium in a separate process and control it
through Automation.
ui_unittests - Unit tests for the /src/ui module.
unit_tests - The kitchen sink for unit
tests. These tests cover several
modules within Chromium.
So that is the testing that is done on every build of Chrome.