what does this mean ? : Cannot inject @Test annotated Method [f] with [interface org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver]

Question

My Code :

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.openqa.*;

 public class NewTest {

public WebDriver driver;
@Test
public void f(WebDriver driver) {


  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\Cheitrav\\Desktop\\ISTQB\\chromedriver.exe"); 
  driver = new ChromeDriver();

  driver.get("http://www.guru99.com");


}
}

[TestNG] Running:
  C:\Users\Cheitrav\AppData\Local\Temp\testng-eclipse--373686985\testng-customsuite.xml

[Error] org.testng.TestNGException: 
Cannot inject @Test annotated Method [f] with [interface org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver].
For more information on native dependency injection please refer to http://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html#native-dependency-injection
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.checkParameterTypes(Parameters.java:244)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.createParameters(Parameters.java:172)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.createParameters(Parameters.java:458)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.handleParameters(Parameters.java:568)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.handleParameters(Invoker.java:1293)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.createParameters(Invoker.java:1020)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1110)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:129)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:112)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:756)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:610)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:387)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:382)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:340)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:289)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1293)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1218)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1133)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1104)
    at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:132)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:236)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:81)

FAILED: f
org.testng.TestNGException: 
Cannot inject @Test annotated Method [f] with [interface org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver].
For more information on native dependency injection please refer to http://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html#native-dependency-injection
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.checkParameterTypes(Parameters.java:244)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.createParameters(Parameters.java:172)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.createParameters(Parameters.java:458)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.handleParameters(Parameters.java:568)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.handleParameters(Invoker.java:1293)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.createParameters(Invoker.java:1020)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1110)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:129)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:112)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:756)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:610)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:387)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:382)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:340)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:289)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1293)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1218)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1133)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1104)
    at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:132)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:236)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:81)


===============================================
    Default test
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================


===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================

[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@5f2108b5: 16 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@72d818d1: 4 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@cb644e: 4 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by [FailedReporter passed=0 failed=0 skipped=0]: 3 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter2@5649fd9b: 4 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.jq.Main@4b4523f8: 24 ms

user246 · Accepted Answer · 2017-02-12 18:35:26Z

4

Methods annotated with @Test cannot have parameters. Try something like this:

public class NewTest {
    @Test
    public void f() {
       WebDriver driver;
       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\Cheitrav\\Desktop\\ISTQB\\chromedriver.exe"); 
       driver = new ChromeDriver();
       driver.get("http://www.guru99.com");
    }
}

There are problems with your code but my suggestion above should get you past the problem you asked about.

Edit: this answer was based on outdated information and is wrong.

edited Feb 12, 2017 at 18:35

answered Feb 11, 2017 at 15:53

user246

23k2 gold badges45 silver badges91 bronze badges

Thanks. I got the error because I had parameters in my test method, but I forgot to "map" the test method to its DataProvider.
– MasterJoe
Apr 27, 2020 at 21:26

Add a comment |

juherr · Accepted Answer · 2017-02-12 11:46:09Z

Unlike what @user246 said, it is possible to have parameters in @Test methods.

2 options exist:

Native injection:

Any @Before method or @Test method can declare a parameter of type ITestContext.

Any @AfterMethod method can declare a parameter of type ITestResult, which will reflect the result of the test method that was just run.

Any @Before and @After methods can declare a parameter of type XmlTest, which contain the current tag.

Any @BeforeMethod (and @AfterMethod) can declare a parameter of type java.lang.reflect.Method. This parameter will receive the test method that will be called once this @BeforeMethod finishes (or after the method as run for @AfterMethod).

Any @BeforeMethod can declare a parameter of type Object[]. This parameter will receive the list of parameters that are about to be fed to the upcoming test method, which could be either injected by TestNG, such as java.lang.reflect.Method or come from a @DataProvider.

Any @DataProvider can declare a parameter of type ITestContext or java.lang.reflect.Method. The latter parameter will receive the test method that is about to be invoked.

Parameters

Can you complete your answer with an example of how to fix the Op's problem? — user246, Feb 12, 2017 at 18:33
No, I can't. The objective behind the question is not clear enough and there are too many ways to do it. The accepted question is a good way to solve the issue and I've just pointed the wrong statement about parameters. — juherr, Feb 13, 2017 at 10:27

Henry · Accepted Answer · 2022-04-14 23:05:14Z

Here is my code regarding Leetcode 359. Logger Rate Limiter

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Logger {
    Map<String, Integer> map ;
    public Logger() {
        map = new HashMap<>();
    }

    public boolean shouldPrintMessage(int timestamp, String message) {
        // 1. if the message appears before
        //    1.1 it has been 10 seconds since we' ve seen it
        // 2. if the message never appears before
        if(map.containsKey(message)){
            int lastTimestamp = map.get(message);
            if(lastTimestamp + 10 <= timestamp){
                map.put(message, timestamp);
            }else{
                return false;
            }
        }else{
            map.put(message, timestamp);
        }
        return true;
    }
}

when I test the function with parameters

import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

public class TestLogger {
    Logger logger = new Logger();

    @Test
    public void shouldPrintMessage_messageNeverAppears(int timestamp, String message){
        boolean result = logger.shouldPrintMessage(3, "foo");
        assertEquals(false, result);
    }

}

there is exception

[Utils] [ERROR] [Error] org.testng.TestNGException: 
Cannot inject @Test annotated Method [shouldPrintMessage_messageNeverAppears] with [int, class java.lang.String].
For more information on native dependency injection please refer to http://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html#native-dependency-injection
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.checkParameterTypes(Parameters.java:441)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.createParametersForMethod(Parameters.java:355)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.createParameters(Parameters.java:712)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.handleParameters(Parameters.java:879)
    at org.testng.internal.Parameters.handleParameters(Parameters.java:744)
    at org.testng.internal.ParameterHandler.handleParameters(ParameterHandler.java:59)
    at org.testng.internal.ParameterHandler.createParameters(ParameterHandler.java:38)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:783)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
    at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1259)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:766)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:587)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:384)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:378)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:337)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:286)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:53)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:96)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1187)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1109)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1039)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1007)
    at com.intellij.rt.testng.IDEARemoteTestNG.run(IDEARemoteTestNG.java:66)
    at com.intellij.rt.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:109)

All I need to do is remove parameters on test function.

import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

public class TestLogger {
    Logger logger = new Logger();

    @Test
    public void shouldPrintMessage_messageNeverAppears(){
        boolean result = logger.shouldPrintMessage(3, "foo");
        assertEquals(true, result);
    }

}

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